4、 結(jié)論

表面活性劑的水生毒性因水的硬度和/或吸附劑的存在而不同，但每種表面活性劑的γtox值（LC50或EC50下的表面張力）是恒定的。 因此，表面張力可以作為影響表面活性劑水生毒性因素影響的指標(biāo)。 表面活性劑的實(shí)驗(yàn)室毒性試驗(yàn)往往比天然水環(huán)境具有更高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)閷?shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)通常不考慮表面活性劑對(duì)懸浮土或沉積物材料的吸附。 如果我們使用表面張力測(cè)試作為指標(biāo)來檢查自然環(huán)境中的水狀況，我們將能夠?qū)⒈砻婊钚詣┒拘缘膶?shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)與表面活性劑的自然環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)聯(lián)系起來。

參考

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2. Tomiyama, S. Effects of surfactants on fish. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fisheries. 40 (12), 1291-1296 (1974).

3. Tomiyama, S. On the possible mechanism of the effect on fishes and shellfishes by household detergents. Yukagaku. 27 (6), 347-353 (1978).

4. Jackson, W.F.; Fromm, P.O. Effect of a detergent on flux of tritiated water into isolated perfused gills of rainbow trouts. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 58C, 167 (1977).

5. Bock, K.J. über die Wirkung von Waschrohstoffen auf Fische. Arch. Fisch. Wiss. 17, 68-77 (1966).

6. Gloxhuber, C.H.; Fishcher, W.K. Wirkungen von Alkylpolyglykol?thern auf Fische, Fd Cosmet. Toxicol, 6, 469-477 (1968).

7. Calamari, D.; Marchetti, R. The toxicity of mixtures of metals and surfactants to rainbow trout. Water Research. 7, 1453-1464 (1973).

8. Kurata, N.; Koshida, K.; Fujii, T. Biodegradation of surfactants in river water and their toxicity to fish. Yukagaku. 26 (2), 115-118 (1977).

9. Matuura, R.; Kimizuka, H.; Yatsunami, K. The study of the adsorption of detergents at a solution-air interface by radiotracer method 3. The effect of inorganic electrolytes on the adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Bulletin Chemical Soc. Jpn. 32 (6), 646-650 (1959).

10. Wakabayashi, M.; Kikuchi, M.; Inoue, W.; Kawahara, H.; Koido, Y. Senzai no suiseiseibutsu ni taisuru dokusei (1). The Aquiculture (Suisan-Zoshoku). 23 (3), 119- 124 (1976).

11. Tovell, P.W.A.; Newsome, C.; Howes, D. Effect of water hardness on the toxicity of an anionic detergent to fish. Water Res. 8, 291-296 (1974).

12. Tovell, P.W.A.; Newsome, C.; Howes, D. Effect of water hardness on the toxicity of a nonionic detergent to fish. Water Res. 9, 31-36 (1975).

13. Feijtel, T.C.J.; van de Plassche, E.J. Environmental risk characterization of 4 major surfactants used in the Netherland, 67-68 (1995).

14. Kikuchi, M. Biodegradation and aquatic toxicity of surfactants. J. Jpn. Soc. Water Environment. 16 (5), 302- 307 (1993).

表面活性劑的生物毒性以及水的硬度和吸附效應(yīng)對(duì)于水生生物毒性的影響——摘要、導(dǎo)言

表面活性劑的生物毒性以及水的硬度和吸附效應(yīng)對(duì)于水生生物毒性的影響——實(shí)驗(yàn)

表面活性劑的生物毒性以及水的硬度和吸附效應(yīng)對(duì)于水生生物毒性的影響——結(jié)果和討論

表面活性劑的生物毒性以及水的硬度和吸附效應(yīng)對(duì)于水生生物毒性的影響——結(jié)論、致謝！